Ada beberapa hal
yang dilakukan dalam rangka memenuhi undangan Fakultas Psikologi Universitas
Utara Malaysia, Malaysia, yaitu: mendampingi Mahasiswa UIN
Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh dalam rangka Mobility Inbound Luar Negeri dan Memberikan
kuliah umum kepada civitas akademika dan Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi
Universitas Uatara malayasia.
Pada acara atau kegiatan yang
pertama menemui para mahasiswa UIN Ar-Raniry yang sedang melakukan kegiatan
disana untuk berdiskusi tentang kegiatan yang sedang mereka lakukan dimana kami
menanyakan bahwa beberapa hal, diantaranya adalah tentang keefektifan kegitan
ini. Bagi mereka kegiatan merupakan
suatu kegiatan yang sangat banyak manfaatnya. Mereka berharap supaya kegiatan
akan terus dipertahan dan dilanjutkan pada tahun-tahun berikutnya. Dengan
kegiatan ini, menurut mereka, keberadaan perguruan tinggi kita dan khsusnya bagi
Program Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling dalam rangka menuju Universitas
Kelas Dunia dan juga mengingat tentang kredibitas keberadaan institusi kita di
mata dunia dalam rangka persaingan yang semaking hari semakin meningkat.
Materi yang
disampaikan pada stadium general tersebut berjudul: LEARNING BY CONSCIENCE AS NEW PARADIGM IN EDUCATION. Materi disampaikan di depan civitas akademika dan
mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Utara Malaysia pada tangga 10 Desember
2018. Isi atau materi dari kuliah umum tersebut, di antara adalah: INTRODUCTION, The fact that many learning paradigms that exist
today are mostly founded on traditional cognitive methods in the form of
reflective thinking, I felt invited to find other alternative paradigms as new
ways to attack unexplored areas of learning. One way that could lead to the
construction of a new paradigm for learning is to consider reflective attitudes
as a way to arrive at equally strong or even more effective methods by which
affective aspects of learning could be accommodated. Thus, this paper attempts
to propose -learning by conscience- as a new paradigm in education. The
proposed paradigm is founded on reflective attitudes which are predicted to
positively affect learning and learners. The paradigm is based on the
hermeneutic approach and is derived from various means of investigation such as
descriptive, analytic, and eclectic methods. The investigation reveals that
open-mindedness, whole-heartedness, and responsibility are the three main
components that could form a solid base for the proposed new paradigm of
thinking and learning. The investigation also reveals that learning by
conscience is projected to occur through impulse, experience, communication,
and action.
There are two types of reflective framework often
used in education, Reflective thinking and Reflective attitudes. Reflective
thinking:
revolves around the thinking about a certain
subject, content, or problem where a thinker analyzes, estimates, and
reconstructs such a thought in the best way possible. Reflective attitudes: tends to lead more to
affective aspects. In other words, reflective attitudes prioritize internal
aspects such as attitudes that can affect learning and learners internally.
However, reflective attitudes, which are the focus of this paper, tend to lead
more to affective aspects.
While reflective thinking emphasizes more on
cognitive processes which interact with external aspects, reflective attitudes
prioritize internal aspects such as attitudes that can affect learning and
learners internally. It is based on this distinction that the proposed "learning
by conscience in education” paradigm was developed. Therefore, based on such a
perspective about learning, the focus of this paper is to discuss this new
paradigm.
THE MEANING OF LEARNING BY CONSCIENCE, Since the name of a paradigm usually embeds certain
meanings, the learning by conscience paradigm in the content of this paper also
consists of three main components: learning, by, and conscience (inner
voice/awareness).
Ø Together they refer to a
learning paradigm which invites learners to rely on conscience in fulfilling
their desire for learning.
Ø The paradigm emphasizes
the fact that desire for learning should begin from learners’ own awareness and
conscience which relate to their moral values. Such an awareness is often
reflected in one’s attitudes and behavior.
The paradigm can be also
said to consist of a set of moral values which come from external environments,
be they from parents or from the society in general, which are then integrated
into oneself. This process occurs in conjunction with the development of a
learner’s personality as permitted by his or her ability. Central to this
process is the affective aspect of learners’ development which targets the
development of their attitudes, behavior, awareness, and moral values.
LEARNING BY CONSCIENCE IN THEORY, Although Aronfreed (1968) indicates that the
meaning of conscience also refers to both cognitive and affective processes,
the learning by conscience paradigm proposed in this paper is based on the kind
of conscience that originates only from reflective attitudes, not reflective
thinking. The paradigm, thus, requires that the focus of learning be on
affective factors only leaving cognitive factors, which relate to thinking
processes, outside the scope of this paper.
a.
Furthermore,
John Dewey (in Kohlberg, 1995) refers to conscience as an internalization
process or awareness, which occurs in an individual related to his or her moral
values. Such an internalization process or awareness can be seen as appropriate
or not only when it is reflected in someone’s attitudes. This process also
relates closely to an individual’s or a learner’s character.
b.
Vygotsky
also maintains that the learning process for an individual begins during
infancy due to passive needs which then develop further into real desires due
to being motivated by other factors through the process of internalization.
Eventually, this learner would internalize values, behaviors and attitudes from
his or her parents, from those with authority, or from the social environment
in which he or she is raised.
Itulah beberapa point penting yang disampaikan pada stadium general
tersebut, semoga bermanfaat berdaya guna.
